SNe in the 1st globular clusters

• 106 Mo star cluster => 104 SNe in 108 yrs

• SN 1987A models yield 1051 ergs (only 1048 in photons)

• 100 such star clusters yield enough energy to ionize 4 x 1010 Mo hydrogen

• t = 108 yrs in matter dominated Universe is

z = 20

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