Antarctica 1995/1996 diary part 6


Jan. 2, 1996: Snow in McMurdo

Today the weather was bad; it was snowing the whole day. I stayed in McMurdo and wrote post cards and e-mails. I also managed to prepare a small WEB home page of my own, which you are looking at right now. Furthermore, I worked on a proposal for the Solar Probe, a space mission to explore the Sun from very close.

Jan 3., 1996: Tests in an LC-130 aircraft

I wrote some e-mail in the Crary Lab in the morning since it was still snowing. The amount of snow was relatively small and there was not much snow on the ground. I took the 10:30am shuttle to Willy Field and helped Harry to install an Internet connection over a modem that was recently shipped to us from the US. We were supposed to test our ground support equipment (computers, radio transmitters and receivers and antennas) in an LC-130 at 3:30pm, 15 minutes after we have been informed. Of course, we were unable to do that. Since it took us an hour to load everything on track vehicles and bring it over to the air field, there was no load master available anymore to put our equipment into the aircraft.

We were assigned a new time at 7pm for the aircraft test, which was later-on moved to 8pm. Things then proceeded well and we operated most of our equipment in the aircraft. The carpenters had fabricated a crate for us that can hold all computers, and we had a rack for the radio equipment. Both these 'boxes' were put on an LC-130 palette along with the NSBF electronics. Such a palette can be moved in and out of an LC-130 within a few minutes. It took us quite a while to get all cables reconnected and produce enough power from the 28V DC provided by the aircraft. But we were able to communicate with our gondola in the wooden silo. To do that, an emergency exit hatch cover was replaced with a special version from the NSBF carrying antennas and we put one of our antennas into a dome in the cockpit. We only tested for a few minutes and then moved our equipment out of the aircraft because the aircraft will fly to Christchurch in a few hours. We finished around 9:30pm.

NSBF and NSF tell us, that we need to launch before Jan 10 because we do not have support afterwards for under-flights, cut-down, and recovery because planes are used for bringing back the field camps.

JACEE was cut down successfully from an LC-130 about 100 miles south of here. The LC-130 was on a regular flight to the Shackleton Glacier and a few NSBF guys rode on that flight with their equipment. They could not separate the parachute on touchdown because of a failure. However, there was hardly any wind so the parachute deflated and the payload did not get dragged across the Ross ice shelf.

Jan 4, 1995: A long day at Willy Field

I took the 8:30 am shuttle to Willy Field. Steven Peterzen, the head of the NSBF people down here was in the same shuttle. He was supposed to recover JACEE with two helicopters, but he could not do it because of bad weather. We had a little snow, and it was mostly cloudy, although the clouds were thin. We did some optical alignments through the clouds and managed late in the evening to capture some images of the sun. Indeed the weather had improved and we had sunlight. But in the evening the sun is on the other side of the building and we had to use the heliostat to get light into the main telescope. But when we tried to scan the Fabry Perot filter, we didn't succeed. We found out that a high voltage wire was broken. We had to remove the oven that keeps the filter at a constant temperature. Removing the oven, fixing the wire, and remounting everything while keeping the filter optically well aligned took quite some time. We then closed and pressurized the OPV (optical pressure vessel). We were still working well after midnight.

The LC-130s had quite some problems lately. On a recent flight to Christchurch, all tires blew in Christchurch on landing and the plane sled on its skies, and it sat on the runway for several hours. Another one broke its front gear on snow because the pilots did not test the snow before landing (They are supposed to first touch down with their back gears and just keep the nose up and take off again without setting back the nose gear. They can then fly over that area again and assess the quality of the snow from the tracks they left). Another one was on a flight from the Pole to McMurdo when the weather here was so bad that they had to return to the Pole. However, the weather there was bad too and they were running out of fuel. The pilots aimed at a building that they thought was part of the air strip, but it turned out to be a dome. The aircraft just barely missed this dorm at the South Pole in bad weather.

Today 5 ASA people were sent back home by ASA because of bad behavior (being drunk at work, not working well, fist fighting etc.). At this time of a year they need less people here and the management is therefore not reluctant to send people home. Moreover, ASA employees get up to 20% of their salary as a bonus at the end of the season if they stay down here for the length of their contract.

Jan. 5, 1995: Mounting the SIP and the solar panels

I took the 3:45am shuttle back to McMurdo. The low elevation of the sun of about 12 degrees produced fantastic shadows on the ice, in particular the pressure ridges near Scott Base were fascinating. At places where the sea ice meets the Ross Ice Shelf, the ice gets folded up and breaks similar to the formation of mountain ranges. This produces wonderful structures made of ice. Seals are also close to these places because they can easily find access to the water there.

Since I only got to bed around 4:30 am today, I slept until noon, had lunch at McMurdo with Kim and then took the 1pm shuttle to Willy Field. The NSBF people were busy mounting and balancing the SIP (Science Instrument Package that provides balloon data etc.), our solar panels were already on. The optical pressure vessel (OPV) was tight, i.e. it did not loose pressure. However, since it is light-weight, it bulges and thereby moved a mirror between the telescope and the OPV. The original mirror there was at a distance from the OPV to take into account the bulging. But those mirrors were glued onto the mounts and tests showed that they would crack at low temperatures during ascent. The new mount was obviously too close. Harry filed off part of the mount in place, but then had to remove the mirror to get off enough. Thereby this mirror was slightly moved and we tried to align it during some holes in the clouds. It was quite sunny when NSBF mounted the SIP, but the sun was gone when we needed it.

I couldn't do much. Kim worked on the IMC (image motion compensation), which had an electronic problem. Graham stayed in McTown today. The weather was in general quite nice, with some fog at McMurdo, and it was even more foggy at Willy Field. There was quite some wind and the temperatures were well below zero. Steven tried to recover JACEE, but he had to turn around on his way out with two helicopters because of bad weather. The helicopters fly by sight.

Jan 6., 1996: A cloudy day at McMurdo

The weather was cold and cloudy, and there was no reason for me to go to Willy Field. Phil and Graham are working there on the software, which still hangs sometimes. I worked at the Crary Lab on some e-mails and the solar probe proposal. By accident I met an ASA guy who works here as a baker. Before coming here, he worked as a baker in St.Moritz where he learned German. That explains the fine bread we sometimes get at the galley.

At 4pm I took the shuttle to Willy with Dave. There was some sunlight and I was able to check with Kim that the IMC sees a signal and that the field on the CCD camera is about flat. Steve did some spectral scans. In the evening the helicopters with parts from JACEE arrived. One of the pilots didn't know where to land and put his helicopter down just in front of our telescope, which was still outside for some further optical tests, weather permitting. Very fortunately nothing serious happened, although the solar panels were strongly shaken. It is our intention to launch tomorrow. The software still has some bugs and hangs from time to time. After having dinner at Willy we got back and had a drink in the Southern Exposure bar (non-smoking). The music was quite loud which made me leave after an hour or so.

The Coast Guard ice breaker is close. They have already flown in people with their large helicopter.

Jan. 7, 1996: Launch of Flare Genesis

This Sunday we took a van out to Willy at 8am since we were determined to launch the telescope today. The weather was reasonable, i.e. relatively thin clouds. Ashok did some tests of the polarization modulators and we then started closing up. Dave and I inspected all the optics and found no problems. Kim, Harry, Ashok, and I then sealed the large optical pressure vessel that contains all the post-focus optics. Harry and Kim spent considerable time with balancing the telescope very well in the elevation axis. After a quick lunch (crackers, chips, some cookies), the gondola was picked up by the launch vehicle around 1:30pm. This was not an easy operation because the solar panels are very large. The launch vehicle is a modified Delta, which has three axes with oversize tires. On top of the vehicle there is a crane that holds the payload during launch. The NSBF guys then mounted their solar panels and the ballast, which was tested by releasing 20 pounds each by two different mechanisms. The ballast consists of very fine steel grains.

It was not clear that we could launch because the wind suddenly started to pick up and its direction moved to the south, which normally indicates a bad weather pattern. Nevertheless, we proceeded with launch preparations, which included an electronic test of all communications. Everything went well and the launch vehicle was moved to the launch area. Fortunately, the wind did not increase any further and the direction switched too. The temperature was around -5 C, according to our sensors on the payload.

The flight line was then set up, i.e. all vehicles are positioned along the dominant wind direction, which is constantly monitored with a small balloon on a long rope. On one end of the flight line, the launch vehicle with the payload is positioned. On the other end the balloon and the helium tanks are positioned. The parachute is attached to the payload and the balloon is rolled out and connected to the parachute. Shortly after 7pm helium was pumped into the 30 million cubic feet balloon. It took about 45 minutes to fill part of the balloon. Launch occurred after 8pm. Unfortunately, a shock typical for launch made one of our antennas disconnect from the payload. Since this was the antenna for the high speed link to send images to the ground, Flare Genesis is blind on one eye, i.e. we cannot see images on the ground. Graham is trying hard to modify his code to send images down over the slow link which is about 50 times slower. At midnight we are still in the Silver Barn and work on the payload.

People were very disappointed that one of the most important things failed. It turned out that the antenna was only very loosely connected to its cable and that the connection had not been tested shortly before launch.

So far we have reached track state 3 after some fiddling around with the parameters of the controller, i.e. we have sun light all the time through the main telescope. By the end of the day, we are determining exposure times and the coordinate system on the sun. At this time the balloon is almost directly above us and it can still be easily seen.

Jan. 8, 1996: Trying to fix the problems

Graham gave up the possibility of writing software to down-link images over the slow-speed connection, which is also only available as long as the balloon is within the line of sight. Therefore the software would have needed to be installed within much less than 24 hours. Another problem was that Phil's program and computer was reset now and then, which led to an overwriting of the existing data on the tapes. At some time in the morning when I could not be of anymore help, I had a nap for a few hours on the mezzanine in the Silver Barn. When I woke up (I can't remember when exactly) Dave and Steve Keil had already left. By that time, they could not send up commands anymore over the line-of-sight connection, but the down-link was still operational. Graham, Kim, and Harry therefore worked with commands sent over satellite. This command set is, however, very restricted. Kim, Graham, and Harry then left for McTown to get some sleep.

In the morning Phil noticed that we have a fast up-link again and we started to play around with the camera. We soon noticed that images have been taken without actually having any light on the camera. We were able to change the guiding such that we had light on the camera, but the communication was not good enough to try to focus. Shortly before we lost direct up- and down-link capabilities, we were able to bring the software and hardware into a state where it is likely to get some reasonable solar images. That happened around noon. Ashok, Phil, and I had lunch in the Jamesway at Willy Field and were later joined by Dave. Kim had called in the morning to let me know that I am on the flight manifest for a 1/9 2300 flight to Christchurch.

Here is the opfficial report on the launch of Flare Genesis: "At 8:15 pm on Sunday, January 7, the Flare Genesis Experiment was launched under near perfect conditions. It arrived at float altitude about 4 hours later, and after some corrections to the pointing system, it locked on the sun. Pointing is usually better than 10 arcsec rms, as projected. The bad news is that we have a "Galileo problem." The high rate antenna fell off at launch, so we do not get images down in real time. We think good images are being written on tape, but we have not figured out how to verify that they are in good focus. All other systems are working reasonably well and now more than 15 hours after launch, we still have line-of-sight telemetry. This allows us access to our full bag of tricks to get better insight into the payload performance. After we lose line-of-sight, we will rely on over the horizon commands, which are much less flexible. Target selection is uncertain because of the loss of real time images. For starters, we are just pointing at Sun center. We hope to get to the active regions in the western hemisphere soon."

After coming back with the shuttle in the early afternoon, Phil, Ashok and I went for a walk to Scott's hut. We saw a lonely penguin and the ice breaker at a distance of about 30 miles (50 km). After that walk in the cold air, I went to the Crary center to write and read e-mail. Later-on Kim, Harry, Graham, Steve, and Dave showed up and we had a meeting at 5pm. Dave wants to have an under-flight 42 hours from now with an LC-130. Dave wants to have a party tonight at the Southern Exposure bar where he will pay all beverages.


You can contact me at ckeller@noao.edu