The planetary nebula Abell 39

What galaxies have been observed?

Below is a list of galaxies whose distances have been found using the Planetary Nebula Luminosity Function (PNLF). Distances are referenced to a zero-point based on M31 having a distance of 710 kpc and a reddening of E(B-V) = 0.11. This is the baseline zero-point used in all our papers. To place these distances on the modern scale where the distance to M31 is 770 kpc (Freedman & Madore 1990) and E(B-V) = 0.08, all distances should be increased by 0.06 mag (3%).

In the case of NGC 5253 only, a metallicity correction (Ciardullo & Jacoby 1992) has been applied, because it has SMC-like abundances.

Table Information:

Galaxy is the common name for the galaxy.

Type is the Hubble type of the galaxy, as found in the literature.

Number of PN refers to the number of planetary nebulae in a statistically complete sub-sample used in finding a distance. Galaxies that have larger number of PN will generally have more accurate distances than galaxies with smaller number of PN.

Distance Modulus, or DM is the normal distance modulus used throughout astronomy. It is defined as DM = 5 * log d - 5 , where d is the distance in parsecs, and the log is base 10.

The Reference field indicates the journal reference to the particular distance. Each reference is tied into the ADS abstract system. Clicking on the reference will send you to the appropriate paper for complete information.

"In preparation" indicates that we have obtained PNLF data for this galaxy, and a distance should be forthcoming.